Internal-combustion engine.



L. H. L. BELLEM & G. JEAN-BAPTISTE BRfiGRAS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1909.

1,038,830. Patented Sept. 17, 1912.

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' L. H. L. BELLEM & G. JEAN-BAPTISTE BREEGB RAS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 1909.

1,038,830. Patented Sept. 17, 1912.

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LOUIS HENRI LIBERT BELLEM AND GASTON JEAN-BAJPTISTE BREG'ERAS, F NEUILLY- SUR-SEINE, FRANGE. i

cially INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Application filed August 17, icon. Serial no. 513,261. a

To all whom it may concern; Be it known that we, LOUIS HENRI Linnn'r BELLEM and GASTON JEAN-BAP'rIsTn BR13- cnnAs, citizens of the lltepublic of France, and residents of 60 Boulevard d Asnieres, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Seine, in the saidRepublic, engineers, have invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

The present internal combustion engines working with oils of low volatility, espeeavy petrols, have the drawback either that, in order to start them, the fuel has to be heated by some means, or that they have to be started by use of spirit or a volatile combustible This necessitates complications in the admission devices and prevents absolutely direct and instantaneous starting, for which reasons engines of this kind are seldom used in practice.

The invention relates to a four stroke cycle engine for heavy combustibles, such as illuminating petroleum oil, adapted to be started directly and instantaneously, without using any of the known expedients. The petroleum is supplied to the cylinder in a fine spray by suct1on,and the necessary air is only introduced later in such a manner as to produce the necessary mixing, and to make the mixture homogeneous.

The cylinder of the engine has a special admission valve which is opened by suction and constitutes a pulverizer with two series of angular passages. Through one of these series of jets the petroleum is supplied in a predetermined quantity and also a very small quantity of air serving for its preliminary pulverization, while through the other series of jets is supplied the air necessary for complete pulverization. The lower part of the cylinder has a series of openings through which at the end of the stroke air is suddenly admittechwhich with the pulverized petroleum, forms a moisture easily ufla-mmable by the electric spark. The etroleum is supplied under pressure to the oulverizer.

In the accompanying drawings an example of the invention is shown.

Figure l is a vertical section of the engine, certain parts being shown diagrammatically; Fig. 2 is a section of part of the wall oi the cylinder, which shows the mode of admitting air at the end of the downward stroke; Flg. 3 shows in section the closed ad- Patented Sept. it, 1am,

mission valve; Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the valve open.

The cylinder 1 has at its'upper end 2 an admission valve 3, the stem 4 of which (Figs. 3, 4) has an axial bore 5. with small radial bores 6 near the valve.

ing small bores 9 parallel to the axis of the valve stem. There are as many of these bores as there are bores 6; the axis of each bore 9 intersects that of the corresponding bore 6, the mouth of the bore 9 being level with the axis of the bore 6. A slide 10 is screwed on the stem and fastened by two nuts 18; it has a shoulder 11 to limit its A shoulder 7 of the stem supports an annular piece 8 havstroke and is hollowed to form an annular cavity 12 at the base of which perforations 13 make communication with an annular cavity 14 in the valve casing when the valve is open. The slide 10 also forms in con junction with the annular piece 8, a chamber 15 having at its upper part bores 16 which establish communication with the cavity 14.

1A spring 17 for the'valve 3 bears against a i flange at the upper end of the slide 10. The -whole of these parts is preferably covered 1 by a cap 19 to which air or gas is supplied through a pipe 20, and the liquid combustible through a pipe 21 controlled by a cock 22. This casing might be dispensed with, and the valve would then draw in fresh air from the atmosphere.

In the head 2 of the cylinder (Fig. 1) there are also the ignition plug 23 and the exhaust valve 24, the latter being controlled in the usual manner by the shaft 25. The cylinder 1 has two series of openings 26 and 27 forming communication with an annular chamber formed by a casing 28. In the crank casing 29 is arranged an automatic inlet valve 30 and the upward stroke of the piston 31 draws air into the crank casing through this valve, while the downward stroke compresses this air which passes into the cylinder 1 as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3.

The petroleum is supplied under pressure to the motor by the conduit 42. The admission of the petroleum arriving in pipe 42 is controlled by a check valve 43 (Fig- 1) held down by a spring and opened at every" I 45 which is operated by shaft 25. The rod v sec-nd revolution by a tappet 44 on the rod 45 also serves to open the exhaust valve 24.

Any other device might obviously be used for controlling admission of the petroleum. The operation of the engine is as-follows:

Assuming the parts to be in the positionshown at. Fig. 1, and that this is the beginiston 31 it ning of the suction stroke, when moves downward the pressure in e cylinder falls and valve 3 opens rapidly. The

' petroleum previously supplied to chamber 12 through pipe 21 is drawn in accompanied -or immediately followed byair which has sion of petroleum and air. A- further emul;

entered at 20; In chamber 14; the air mixes with the petroleum and the mixture passes into the communication ports as an emulsification occurs as the mixture passes into the chamber 15. This mixture now passes through bores 9 and is pulverized by the jets of air meeting it at right angles from the bores 6;v thus the petroleum enters the cylinder through valve 3 in a finely pulver-' ized state. If the pressure or the. opening for admitting air is suitably selected or adjusted petroleum will be drawn in duringthe whole stroke of the piston. The air compressed .by the piston on its down stroke in the crank casing 29 passes at the end of the stroke into the cylinder through perforations 26 and 2.7 where it mixes with the ulverized petroleum and renders the com us- -tihle. mixture perfectly homogeneous. At

the beginning of the compression, valve? closes,- and perforations 13 are closed also, I -so, that the petroleum only circulates in thepassages of the valve at'the very moment of admission, which, owing to the violence and suddenness of the admission, produces thor: ough intermixture of the air and the petroleum. The compressed mixture is ignited. by the plug 43. The hot gases cannot causev 1 any damage to the fine openings of the pulverizer, because the gases do not have access to these parts. Durmg the expansion and exhaust strokes of the piston, the admission valve remains closed under the action of it's spring and the pressure of the gases. At t e end of the piston stroke air. enters through the orifices in the cylinder and expels the residues of combustion.

Although the invention has been described with reference to heavy oils, especially petroleum, it may also be applied with any other carbureting liquid whatever its degree of volatility.

Having thus described the nature of our said invention and the best means we know of carrying the same into practical efiect, we claim v 1. In an internal combustion motor of the four-cycle type, an intake valve provided with a plurality of conduits, means for introducing hydrocarbon into certain of the the cylinder at the end of the said passages being so arranged that the suction'stroke of the engine piston will draw air and hydrocarbon'through some of them impinge against themingled air and hydrocarbon for atomizing it, and means for introducing air to support combustion into suction stroke of the piston.

3. In a four cycle internal combustion enine, an automatic inlet valve having a holow stem provided with orifices through the "walls thereof, a slide exterior to the stem for mingling the two, and draw pure air through the other passages and cause it to and forming passages between it and the stem, which passages terminate near said orifices, means for'supplying air to the hollow stem, means for supplying air and hydrocarbon to the passages around the stem,

whereby .the suction stroke of the engine piston will mingle and atomize the combustiblecharge and draw it into the cylin-- der.

4. In a fourcycle internal combustion engine, an automatic inlet valve having a hollow stem provided with orifices through the walls thereof,'a .slide exterior to the stern and forming passagesbetween it and the stem, which passages terminate near the said orifices, means forsupplying air to the hollow stem, means for supplying air and hydrocarbon to the passages around the stem,

-wherebyv the suction stroke of the engine piston will mingle-and atomize the com.-

der and means for introducing air to support combustion into the. cylinder'at the end of the suction stroke of the piston.

5. In a four cycle internal combustion engine, an automatic inlet valve havin a hollow stem provided with constricte transverse orifices through the walls thereof, a slide exterior to the stemand forming passages between it and the stem and provided with constricted longitudinal bores 'communicating with the said passages and terminating near the said orifices, means for .supplym air to the hollow stem and means for supp ying air and hydrdcarbon to the.

passages around the stem, whereby the suction stroke of the engine piston will mingle and atomize the combustible charge and draw it into the cylinder, and means for 'bustible charge and draw it into the cylinsupplying air to the hollow stem and means for supplying air and hydrocarbon to the other of said separate passages around the stem, a valve casing provided with annular recesses therein arranged to open communi-' cation between the said separate passages around. the stem when the valve is open, whereby the suction stroke of the engine piston will mingle and atomize the combustible charge and draw it into the cylinder, and means for introducing air to support combustion at the end of the suction stroke of the piston.

In testimony, that we claim the foregoing as our invention, we have signed our names in presence of two witnesses, this 5th day of ugust 1909.

LOUIS HENRI LIBERT BELLEM. GASTON JEAN-BAPTISTE BREGERAS. Witnesses:

H. C. Coxn, ALomn FABE. 

